Copper and Lead Levels in Aberdeen Harbour

Copper Lead Aberdeen Harbour Sediments

Here is a preview of the paper on Copper Lead Aberdeen Harbour Sediments.

Copper and Lead Levels in Aberdeen Harbour

1.0 Introduction

Anthropogenic activities are recognized as a significant contributor to the build-up of heavy metals, such as lead and copper in urban areas and marine settings, posing health risks to people’s lives and the lives or marine organisms (Yan et al., 2018; Briffa et al., 2020). Exposure of humans or marine organisms to these pollutants can result illness, poor health, or even death (Briffa et al., 2020). Lead, a well-known poison for centuries, is a subject of global public health regulations and is linked to miscarriages, brain damage, kidney damage, cancers, and even death in humans (Tchounwou, et al. 2012; WHO, 2024). Although naturally present in soils at low concentrations, studies indicate a gradual increase in environmental lead concentrations due to human activities (WHO, 2024). Copper, essential for enzymatic activity at low concentrations, acts as an enzyme inhibitor at higher levels, causing diarrhoea, vomiting, and liver disease in humans (Tchounwou, et al. 2012; Ashish et al., 2013).

Harbours, due to shipping activities, often experience severe marine pollution (Onwuegbuchunam et al., 2017; Zhang, 2020; Shahzad, 2023), leading to a rapid decline in water and sediment quality, impacting fish and marine life significantly. Unlike some pollutants, heavy metals cannot undergo biodegradation and may accumulate in sediments to toxic levels over time (Tchounwou, et al. 2012). According to the Marine Management Organisation (2015), marine sediment concentrations below 50mg/kg (dry weight) for lead and below 40mg/kg for copper fall under Action Level 1 (AL1), indicating safe levels (Appendix 1).

Situated in Aberdeen City, Aberdeen Harbour, is recognized as one of the oldest and busiest ports in the United Kingdom (Ship Technology, 2018). Handling approximately 8,000 vessels annually, the harbour contributes over £1.5 billion to the national economy by managing nearly five million tonnes of cargo (Ship Technology, 2018). The cargo, including industrial chemicals, pesticides, oil, and liquefied gas, poses a potential risk of pollution. Additionally, other sources of heavy metals entering the harbour include construction, domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities, as well as chemicals and wastes. Continue Reading (Alternative 2)

Here are some words that can be used to describe the paper:

Aberdeen harbour baseline study example
Aberdeen harbour sediments study
Aberdeen Harbour Baseline Survey
Aberdeen Harbour Baseline Survey for Environmental Status
Copper and Lead Levels in Aberdeen Harbour Sediments
Copper Lead Aberdeen Harbour Sediments

Sample data

Copper and Lead Levels in Aberdeen Harbour Sediments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Question/Prompt/Instructions can be found here … or here

Statistical Process Control Case Study

Prompt:

Present literature review on statistical process control highlighting the development of the concept from the time it was developed to-date. You have been provided with historic data relating to temperature of combined effluence discharged by company ABCD. The data provides temperatures recorded four times a day during the month of September 2022. The company’s effluent discharges are usually controlled within the 250C to 350C range. The company (a brewery) usually performs weekly maintenance on the balancing system, whose effect is to neutralise the pH of the effluent and in the process heats up the discharge. The maximum temperature allowed for the discharge is 400C. Using the data, visualise the performance of the company’s effluent control process. Ensure that you describe the analytical approach you have applied and include any graphs you have produced. Based on your analysis/visualisation, how well has the effluent control process performed? What priorities should the company adopt for quality improvements? – This is a statistical process control case study. 

Data Sample: 27.508, 33.19, 30.06, 30.01 … (120 data points in total).

Statistical Process Control Case Study

Statistical Process Control Case Study

Introduction

Statistical process control (SPC) is the application of statistical methods to monitor, control, maintain, and improve the performance of a process (Jiju & Mehmet, 2003; Jamadar (2020). SPC is also a tool that applies time series plots, for checking whether products or processes confirm to their design requirements (Qiu, 2014). SPC, a brainchild of Dr. Walter Shewhart, was first developed in the 1920s as a tool for monitoring and controlling manufacturing processes (Best & Neuhauser, 2006). The tool’s versatility was recognized by Shewhart and Dr. Edwards Deming, who acknowledged that repeated measurements would exhibit some variation. Shewhart later realized that the tool had the potential for use in other types of processes in addition to manufacturing (Best & Neuhauser, 2006; Niavand & Tajeri, 2014). True to this finding, in contemporary times, SPC extends its application to diverse contexts such as management, health quality assurance and improvement, survey, among countless other settings (Jin et al., 2019; Qiu, 2019).

Common Cause Variation and Special Cause Variation

In statistical process control, common cause variation and special cause variation are crucial concepts (Montgomery, 2009; Qiu, 2014). Common cause variation refers to the observed variation that come into being as a result of random fluctuations, representing the natural variability or “background noise” inherent in a process (Montgomery, 2009). This variation is anticipated based on the underlying distribution, assuming variables remain constant with the passage of time. When common cause variation is present, the process is considered to be naturally stable and predictable, and the process is considered to be in “in statistical control” or simply, “in control” (Qiu, 2014). A stable process exhibits predictable variation described by a statistical distribution, such as normal, Poisson, geometric, or binomial distributions. In a process that follows the normal distribution, normally about 95% of future measurements are expected to fall within +/- 2 standard deviations of the mean. Furthermore, regardless of the statistical distribution, almost all measurements are expected to fall within +/- 3 standard deviations about the mean, when the process is in control (Benneyan et al., 2003; Goedhart & Woodall, 2022).

On the other hand, special cause variation represents observed variation beyond what can be attributed to chance alone. This kind of variation results from external factors or special causes, constituting unnatural variation due to circumstances, changes, or events that are not naturally part of the regular process (Carroll & Johnson, 2020). In contrast to traditional hypothesis testing, where special cause variation is analogous to statistically significant differences, SPC identifies changes graphically over time and often involves the collection of a (relatively) few samples (Benneyan et al., 2003; Montgomery, 2009). Continue reading

 

 

 Common Resources and Capabilities Virgin Companies

 Virgin companies – Strategy

Revision questions

1. What are the shared resources and capabilities shared by the separate Virgin companies? –   common resources and capabilities Virgin companies.
2. Which business(es) should Branson divest from? What criteria should he apply in  deciding the new diversification strategy to apply?
3. What changes do you recommend to the Virgin Group with respect to its  its organisational structure and management systems?

Contents

  • Introduction
  • Resources and capabilities
  • Virgin companies shared resources and capabilities
  • Divesting criteria and businesses to divest
  • New diversification strategy and decision criteria
  • Organisational structure change recommendations
  • Management systems change recommendations

Richard Branson and the Virgin Group Case Study

Introduction

The Virgin Group was established by renowned entrepreneur, Richard Branson. The history of the group can be traced back to 1968 when Branson formed the Student magazine after dropping out of school. Over the years, The Virgin Group has grown to become a highly diversified organisation with operations in several industry segments and countries. The group so far operates in the UK, the United States, Australia, Russia, South Africa, and Canada among several others.  Some of the areas the group mainly focuses on are Telecoms and Media, Music and Entertainment, Financial Services, Travel and Leisure, and Health & Wellness (Virgin Group 2017).

The Group boasts of owning hundreds of companies directly or through its subsidiaries. It also boasts of having holding companies in seven main business categories. In addition, it has a stake in several companies, such stake acquired through the formation of joint ventures with other corporations.

Virgin Group has a strong asset base and its success has partly been attributed to the reputation and celebrity status of its founder, Richard Branson. Some of the Group’s notable assets include its fleets of airplanes, trains, and megastores. In addition to these, it has several resources including a strong brand name, a good reputation, talented human resources, and finances. In combination, these resources have helped the group develop capabilities and competencies in different areas.

One of the resources shared by the Virgin companies is the Virgin brand… Read more…

Migrant Remittances Determinants and Effects

Migrant Remittances and its Determinants and Effects on Pakistan

Abstract

Migrant remittances are recognised as an important source of foreign capital especially to developing countries such as Pakistan. Remittance inflows to Pakistan as a ratio of the country’s GDP has generally grown from 2000 to 2021. So far, studies have found different and conflicting results with regard to the determinants and effects of migrant remittances. With only few such studies having been conducted in Pakistan, the present study aimed to determine the determinants of remittances to Pakistan and the influence of remittances on the GDP growth and poverty rate in Pakistan. Data relating to 20 countries that have consistently been the highest sources of remittances to Pakistan for five specific years (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2021). and time series data relating to Pakistan from 2000 to 2021 were drawn from World Bank Open Data database and the KNOMAD database. Data was analysed statistically to determine correlation coefficients and to develop gravity models.  … The study recommended that Pakistan puts in place policies and measures to make remittance transactions faster and more affordable as a way of encouraging remittance transfers and consequently lowering the poverty rate in the country.  The study also recommended that Pakistan encourage its citizens to migrate to countries with higher GDP rather than those with lower GDP as a measure towards improving remittances. Key word: Migrant remittances determinants and effects

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background

Migrant Remittances Determinants and EffectsA key element that motivates migration to foreign countries is the prospect of remitting (Carling, 2008). Today, migrant remittances are recognised as an important source of foreign capital for several nations (Meyer & Shera, 2017). Migrant remittances are particularly important for developing countries if remittance statistics from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are anything to go by. Remittances are the sum of migrant transfers in the form of cash of goods from the foreign country in which they live or work to their country of origin to support their families (Ratha, 2013). According to the IMF, while estimating the exact amount of remittance flows is not easy as many transfers are done through unofficial channels, globally, migrant remittances was in excess of $483 billion in 2011 (Ratha, 2013). Out of this amount, $351 billion flowed to developing countries. The IMF estimates that remittances to low-income countries account for as much as 6.0% of the respective countries’ gross domestic product (GDP). In comparison, remittance flows to middle income countries account for roughly 2.0% of their GDP (Ratha, 2013). The World Bank (2023a) estimates that remittances to developing countries from across the world totalled roughly 630 billion United States Dollars (USD) in 2022. This amount, according to the World Bank (2023a), is over three times the total amount that goes to countries across the world as development aid. The World Bank (2023a) further notes that remittances are on their way to overtaking foreign direct investment (FDI) to low and middle income countries.

Statistics from the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) (2011) show that from the year 1999, formal remittance inflows to Pakistan have consistently been on the rise. While in 2000 the remittance inflows to the country was estimated at $1.075, billion, in 2010, the statistic had risen to $9.683 billion. Consistent with these statistics, records from the World Bank (2023a) show that personal remittances to Pakistan as a percentage of GDP has generally been growing from 2000 to 2022. While in 2000, personal remittances to the country represented 1.3% of the country’s GDP, in 2001, it accounted for continue reading ...

 

BMWP and ASPT Calculator

Where to find a BMWP and ASPT Calculator

Are you looking for a BMWP AND ASPT Calculator or a template for calculating BMWP and ASPT scores? Or, are you looking for an overall BMWP score calculator, a template for calculating Biological Monitoring Working Party score? Calculating BMWP and ASPT scores can be a challenge especially if you have a lot of data to work with and yet you need to calculate BMWP scores fast. However, with a template for calculating BMWP scores, you can calculate BMWP scores fast and easily. Likewise, with an ASPT score calculator, you can calculate ASPT scores fast and easily. Here is a BMWP score calculator and ASPT score calculator that you can use to calculate overall BMWP score and ASPT score for your sites or samples easily.

Download BMWP and ASPT Calculator

The calculator is a template in excel format that you have to download to use. After downloading the file, fill in the necessary information (such as the names of macroinvertebrate families, their corresponding tolerance or sensitivity scores, and the number of family members observed in a site or sample). Here are a few words that may be used to describe the template:

  • ASPT score calculate excel
  • ASPT score calculate template
  • Average Score Per Taxon score calculator
  • BMWP score calculate excel
  • BMWP score calculate template
  • Template for calculating ASPT score
  • Template for calculating Average Score Per Taxon score
  • Total BMWP score calculator

Download BMWP AND ASPT Calculator/Template

What are BMWP and ASPT Scores?

At this point, you may be wondering what is BMWP and what is ASPT? The Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) and the Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) are commonly used methods of assessing the quality of aquatic ecosystems. In simple terms, they are means of measuring the quality of water in a site or sample. Both BMWP and ASPT work on the principle that different aquatic invertebrates have different levels of tolerance or sensitivity to pollutants. The ASPT score for a site or sample is derived from BMWP score as you will see later on. BMWP specifically assumes that different aquatic invertebrates are sensitive to organic pollution to different levels.

BMWP AND ASPT Calculator

Organic pollution often leads to enrichment of the aquatic environment with nutrients, which in turn impacts the level of dissolved oxygen in water. Organisms which are highly sensitive or intolerant to pollution will easily die or migrate from polluted environments. Against this background, the BMWP system assigns scores to each macro invertebrate family/taxon based on how sensitive they are to organic pollution. As an example, the presence of stoneflies and mayflies, which are highly sensitive to pollutants, around a water body indicates that the water body is very clean. It is for this reason that these organism families are often assigned a high sensitivity or tolerance score (say 10.0). Invertebrates such as worms (Oligochaeta) which are less sensitive to pollution (or highly tolerant to pollution) are usually assigned a low score (say 1.0).

The BMWP system assumes that the higher the number of different macroinvertebrate families in a site, the better that quality of water therein. This assumption is based on the notion that water bodies with less pollutants attract even more “sensitive” species, which translates to a higher diversity. Different aquatic invertebrates are suited to different geographical location and ecological conditions. Against this reality, for the BMWP system to provide more accurate results, the BMWP or sensitivity score of each of the macroinvertebrate family/taxon should be calibrated to the specific geographical and ecological conditions where they are found.

How to calculate the BMWP and ASPT score

The (overall) BMWP score for a site or sample is computed by adding the sensitivity or tolerance scores of all the macroinvertebrate families/taxa in the site or sample. This is what the Biological Monitoring Working Party score calculator is designed to do. Generally, a higher (overall) BMWP score reflects better water quality. It is important to note that the BMWP score does not depend on the actual number of individual organisms that are members of a family observed in a location or sample but rather on the presence or absence of the family.

ASPT is calculated by dividing the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score by the number of families/taxa represented in the aquatic ecosystem of the location being studied. Generally, a higher ASPT score reflects better water quality. The main difference between BMWP score and ASPT score is that the latter is not dependent on family richness.

ASPT score formula
ASPT score = BMWP score ÷ Number of macroinvertebrate families or taxa.

BMWP Score Calculation Example

In a site along river ABC, the following data was collected in a particular month. Compute the BMWP Score for the site. The sensitivity scores for the different macroinvertebrates usually found in the ABC river ecosystem are also provided in the table below.

Taxon/Family

Number of family members observed

Sensitivity Score

Ancylidae

2

5.6

Asellidae

3

2.1

Baetidae

12

5.3

Caenidae

0

7.1

Chironomidae

9

3.7

Chloroperlidae

5

12.4

Crangonyctidae

0

6

Dendrocoelidae

0

5

Dugesiidae

0

5

Dytiscidae

20

4.8

Elmidae

32

6.4

Ephemerellidae

0

7.7

Erpobdellidae

0

2.8

Gammaridae

80

4.5

Gerridae

0

4.7

Glossiphoniidae

2

3.1

Glossosomatidae

0

7

Goeridae

0

9.9

Heptageniidae

15

9.8

Hydrobiidae

85

3

Hydropsychidae

3

6.7

Hydroptilidae

0

6.7

Lepidostomatidae

5

10.4

Leptoceridae

20

7.8

Leuctridae

5

9.9

Rhyacophilidae

50

8.3

Sericostomatidae

0

9.2

Simuliidae

0

5.8

Sphaeriidae

20

3.6

Taeniopterygidae

0

10.8

Tipulidae

2

5.5

To determine the BMWP score, add the sensitivity scores for all the families that had at least one organism observed. In other words, exclude from the addition any family or taxa that had zero number of families observed (e.g. Caenidae, Crangonyctidae, and Dendrocoelidae). In the table below, the total in the sensitivity score column is the overall BMWP score, total BMWP score, or simply, BMWP score.

 

Taxon/Family

Number of family members observed

Sensitivity Score

1

Ancylidae

2

5.6

2

Asellidae

3

2.1

3

Baetidae

12

5.3

4

Chironomidae

9

3.7

5

Chloroperlidae

5

12.4

6

Dytiscidae

20

4.8

7

Elmidae

32

6.4

8

Gammaridae

80

4.5

9

Glossiphoniidae

2

3.1

10

Heptageniidae

15

9.8

11

Hydrobiidae

85

3

12

Hydropsychidae

3

6.7

13

Lepidostomatidae

5

10.4

14

Leptoceridae

20

7.8

15

Leuctridae

5

9.9

16

Rhyacophilidae

50

8.3

17

Sphaeriidae

20

3.6

18

Tipulidae

2

5.5

 

BMWP Score

 

112.9

ASPT Score Example
As previously noted, the formula for finding the ASPT score is: BMWP score/ Number of families represented.

The BMWP Score = 112.9
The number of families which were represented in the data are 18
The ASPT score = 112.9/18 = 6.27
How to interpret BMWP and ASPT scores.

Different studies and locations interpret the BMWP score using different keys. Here we present two commonly used keys.

KEY A

 

KEY B

BMWP Score

Category

 

BMWP Score

Category

Interpretation

<15

Very Bad

 

0-10

Very Poor

Heavily Polluted

15-35

Bad (Very Contaminated)

 

11-40

Poor

Polluted or Impacted

36-60

Bad (Contaminated)

 

41-70

Moderate

Moderately Impacted

61-100

Moderate

 

71-100

Good

Clean but slightly impacted

101-120

Good

 

>100

Very Good

Unpolluted/Unimpacted

>120

Excellent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ASPT Score

Category

 

ASPT Score

Category

 

0-3.6

Bad

 

0-3.6

Bad

 

3.6-4.2

Moderate

 

3.6-4.2

Moderate

 

4.3-4.7

Good

 

4.3-4.7

Good

 

4.8-5.4

Very Good

 

4.8-5.4

Very Good

 

>5.4

Excellent

 

>5.4

Excellent

 

Using Key A, based on the BMWP score, water quality in the site studied is “Good”. Using the same key, based on the ASPT score, water quality at the site is “Excellent”.

This BMWP score calculate template can help you perform such calculations fast and easily. Using the template, you can compute scores for a maximum of 30 individual locations or periods at once. Also, the template allows you to enter the names of up to 66 families at a time. In addition to computing the BMWP and ASPT scores, the template categorises the water quality of the site based on the scores found. Save time and effort by calculating BMWP and/or ASPT scores using the BMWP and ASPT Calculator. 

Download BMWP and ASPT Calculator

Recovery of Forest Soils Following Wildfire

Tedim and Leone (2020) define wildfire as any unplanned and uncontrolled fire started on shrubs or forest. National Geographic has defined the term as an uncontrolled fire that that burns in the wildland vegetation, often in rural areas. The term has also been defined by Belcher et al. (2021) as any non-structure fire other than prescribed fire that occurs in a wildland. Also called vegetation, bush, or forest fire, wildfire has been part and parcel of the earth’s history over the past 400 million years, and is thus not a new phenomenon (Belcher et al., 2021). A wildfire may ignite spontaneously as a result of natural causes such as a lightning strike or may be caused by human activities. Whatever their cause, they can greatly disturb forest soil and ecosystems especially given that fire can have a significant impact on the structural, physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological properties of soil (Certini, 2005; Shrestha, 2009) through mechanisms such as vitalisation, erosion, oxidation, leaching, and ash transfer (Xiang et al., 2014). The recovery of soil after a forest fire is an issue of great importance to conservationists, environmentalists, governments and other players. This paper seeks to answer the question: can forest soils recover from wildfire? The paper begins by discussing the impact of fire severity on soil properties before focusing on the recovery of forest soils following a wildfire.

Impact of Fire Severity on Soil Properties

Several properties of forest soil can change as a result of exposure to a wild fire. Some of these properties include level of organic carbon, nutrients, water holding capacity, aggregate stability, and hydrophobicity (Agbeshie et al., 2022; DeBano, 1990; Santín & Doerr, 2016). The level of which these properties can be affected depend on the duration, frequency, timing, type, and intensity of fire (Certini 2005; Xiang et al., 2014). Most analysts agree that out of the three factors, fire intensity has the greatest influence on the properties of forest soil during or following a wildfire (Certini, 2005; Santín & Doerr, 2016). Recovery of forest soils following wildfire … Continue reading ...

Next article: Aberdeen Harbour Baseline Survey

First Response and Emergency Care – Component 3

First Response and Emergency Care – Component 3 Revision Questions

Question 1: Describe the physical and psychosocial development of a child, focusing on the body parts:

  • Brain and nervous system
  • Heart
  • Head
  • Chest and lungs
  • Abdomen
  • Neck and airway
  • Communication
  • Comprehension
  • Musculoskeletal system
  • Emotions

First Response and Emergency Care Component 3

Question 2:  Provide the ranges for normal respiratory rates and normal heart rates for children.

Age              Respiratory Range

  • <1
  • 1-2
  • 2-5
  • 5-12
  • >12

Age       Heart rate range

  • 0-3 months
  • 3 months -2 years
  • 2-10 years
  • >10 years

Question 3: 

  • (a) Describe how you would assess a child showing signs of respiratory failure
  • (b) Describe how you would assess a child showing signs of circulatory failure.
  • (c) Describe how you can differentiate between the two.

Question 4: From the following list of common childhood illnesses,  Describe three of the following childhood illnesses and their recognition features: Bronchiolitis • Croup • Viral wheeze •Epiglottitis • Meningococcal septicaemia • Sepsis

Question 5: Provide a brief description of how you would manage 3 of the childhood diseases not used in question 4.

Question 6: Explain each component of the paediatric assessment triangle.

Question 7: Briefly describe your safeguarding considerations and the actions you would take when called to a 5-year old child alone at home. 

Question 8: What are the key signs exhibited by a patient or colleague potentially experiencing mental health crisis? How would you manage the crisis within national or local guidelines.

Question 9: Describe the pathophysiology, recognition and management of the Asthma, Pneumonia, and COPD (Emphysema and Bronchitis).

Question 10: Draw and label the following components of the digestive system: Liver, Gall bladder, Large intestine, Small intestine, Oesophagus, Stomach. 

Question 11: Summarise the functions of the parts identified in Question 10 above.

Question 12: Choose three common digestive system conditions from the following list. Describe the diseases you have chosen: Ulcer • Cirrhosis of the liver • Crohn’s disease • Appendicitis • Gall stones • Hepatitis C

Question 13: Briefly describe the recognition features and pathophysiology of sepsis, septic shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS).

Question 14: Briefly describe how you would assess and manage a patient exhibiting signs of sepsis.

Question 15: You are required to attend to a heavily pregnant patient who is experiencing contractions. Identify the stages of labour and the care that should be provided at each stage.

Question 16: Explain how you would manage the mother and baby following delivery.

Question 17: Name and define four complications of childbirth

Find attempted solutions to these questions here

How to Sell Documents and Earn Money

Sell Documents and Earn Money Students and writers across the world are consistently searching for information that will help them study, revise, solve problems, or answer questions. Many of them are willing to pay for documents, such as study materials, if they believe they will benefit from the documents. This situation has created an opportunity for students, writers, and professionals in different fields or with different talents and skills to sell documents and earn money.

If you are a student, maintaining a good academic record can be difficult if you have side hustles or a part-time job. As a student, you definitely wish to earn some cash without spending so much time and effort working, at the expense of your studies and academic performance. You need a side hustle that can earn you some money without having to spend so much money on capital and so much effort and time in managing your side hustle. There is no doubt that few side-hustles meet these important requirements.

One of the few ways to make money as a student or writer that do not require a lot of time, effort, and capital is selling study materials. Study materials come in different forms: study notes, course notes, book summaries, questions and answers, essays, flashcards, and other study resources. Have you ever wondered how some of your fellow students make money without going to work? They are probably writing and selling study notes, essays, summaries, and other materials that they know other students will need. In short, they sell documents and earn money. It’s a secret side hustle that they probably do not want you to know about. Think about it, already you’re writing notes, essays, and other study materials for school, so why not share them with other students to help them and make money? Yes, you can sell your study notes or study documents and make some good cash.

Now that you have already learnt one of the ways to make money as a student you are probably asking yourself, where can I sell my study notes and what kind of documents can I sell? You can sell your and earn money through Freelansas. To sell documents through Freelansas is as easy as ABC. It’s as simple as creating a free vendor’s account, uploading your documents, and setting a price for the documents. Within a few seconds, you will have your personal store from where to upload and sell your study notes.

Now regarding what kind of documents you can sell, there is a whole list of study materials that you can sell to make money including study notes, book summaries, essays, flashcards, mind maps, case study samples, presentations, e-books and many more. You can sell your documents as single pieces or as a batch, it’s all up to you. Also, the price that you set to sell your documents is all up to you. To increase the chances of other students finding and buying your documents, we recommend that you promote them on your social media accounts and by word of mouth to your friends. You earn a commission every time your document is actually sold.

Sell Study Notes Online and Make Passive Income

sell study notesHave you ever wondered how you can make money as a student or thought about real ways to make money from home for free? Have you wondered whether there is a way how to make money online for beginners? In this article, I will show you one good way how to earn money online for students and writers.

Many students and young writers wish to make some money without much effort and without sacrificing their precious study time. A lot of students aren’t aware that they can make passive income by selling study notes online. Yes, while it sounds unreal, you can actually make some quick and easy cash by selling study notes online. If you are in doubt, consider these questions: Have you ever needed essay samples or examples to give you an idea on what to write on or how to answer a question? Have you ever needed sample questions and answers to help with your revision? Have you ever wondered why someone has not yet posted some information online that could help you answer some difficult or challenging question? Have you ever been in a situation where your time is so constrained that you wish someone had written notes, summaries, essays, flashcards, or model answers that you could even pay for to access? You probably have answered “yes” to one or more of these questions, just like countless other students and writers. As you can see, many people are searching and are willing to pay for information than can help them gain new knowledge and skills or that can help them answer some question.

Do you now realize that your study notes, study guides, flash cards, summaries, essays, and revision notes, and other study materials are worth money? As a student, you almost have no reason to complain and whine about having no cash; you can spend a little time writing good notes, answering questions, or writing book or course summaries that others may find useful and sell them for cash.

Selling study notes is a side hustle idea for students that many people do not know of. Knowing this side-hustle idea at this time places you on a path that you can follow to make money as a student or writer. Whether you are in college or at home, you can make study notes, guides, and other study materials that other people can find valuable and worth buying. Unlike many other side hustles, you don’t need any capital to earn money by selling study materials online; all you need to do is make good notes or write good content from your lectures or through research. You also don’t need an office to make money through this side hustle; it is one of the few real ways to make money from home for free. In addition to making passive income, you help other people in need of information when you sell notes online.

You can sell study notes for a class you’re currently attending and thus make money writing. You can also sell notes relating to a class you previously attended. Additionally, you can produce a sell-able document by simply researching on a subject or topic that you feel will be of interest to other people (but that is not necessarily related to a class or course you have attended).

Now that you know you can sell study notes, perhaps you are wondering how or where you can sell them. You can approach junior students to purchase your study notes or market them through social media, which requires a lot of effort and time. Better still, you can sell and share your study notes to other students and writers through our online platform and make money. It only takes a few easy steps for you to be able to sell your study notes or study material online on Freelansas. First, you need to sign up for a free vendor’s account. After creating an account, you need to upload your study notes, summaries, guides, or other study materials and set a price for your material. Every time your study note, summary, flashcards, or other study material is actually sold, you get a generous commission. Whenever someone purchases your document, the money you have earned is directly credited to your account.

In summary, selling study notes online can be a quick and easy way to earn money. For students, it is one good side hustle idea for students and a way to make passive income. Upload your first study notes or study materials on Freelansas and start making money today. It only takes a few seconds to be on your way to earning from your study materials.

First Response and Emergency Care – Component 1

First Response and Emergency Care – Component 1 Revision Questions

Emergency Care and First Response

First Response and Emergency Care -  Component 1

Q. You have been called to attend to an emergency situation at a noisy house party. The person you need to attend to in your capacity as a first responder is a responsive female who is slumped over on a sofa outside in the garden. The information you are getting from bystanders is disjointed and confusing. Briefly discuss why a <C>ABCDE approach is applied in the primary assessment of patients. Also briefly explain each of the elements of the assessment in the context of the female patient in this case. Ensure to include the airway stepwise approach in your explanation.

Q. You are in a scene in which you have to attend to four casualties. Classify each of the casualties using a triage sieve (MPTT-24 or NARU). Specify which triage sieve you have used.

Casualty 1: The casualty is mobile, alert, and shows no signs of catastrophic bleeding. The casualty’s airway is clear, has a pulse rate of 94 beats per minute and a breathing rate of 12 respirations per minute.

Casualty 2: The casualty is immobile and has catastrophic bleeding from an amputated hand. The patient is alert, has a clear airway with breathing rate of 18 respirations per minute and a pulse of 114 beats per minute.

Casualty 3: The patient is lying on the floor, confused, but is able to walk and has no sign of catastrophic bleeding.

Casualty 4: The casualty shows no sign of catastrophic bleeding from a cut arm and leg. The patient has noisy breathing (10 respirations per minute), is unconscious, and has a pulse of 110 beats per minute

Q. Draw the human heart and label the following parts: Aorta, Superior vena cava, right pulmonary artery, left ventricle, pulmonary valve, Descending aorta, aorta valve, right atrium, left pulmonary vein, intraventricular septum, and atrioventricular bundle branches. 

Q. Briefly explain the heart’s electrical conduction system, its nervous control, and how conduction affects the cardiac cycle (500 words max).

Q. Define atheroma, arteriosclerosis, and myocardial infarction.

Q. Explain the connection of the three conditions (stated above) to the development of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).Connection.

Q. Briefly explain how arrhythmias and heart failure affect heart function.

Q. What is an ECG? What does an ECG measure?

Q. You are presented with a diagram of a 3-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Identify the following components: T wave, R wave, and P- wave.

Q. List the health and safety principles for medical gases:

Q. You have been called to manage a casualty who has collapsed in the workplace and has become unconscious. The casualty’s airway has become “noisy” and you are considering managing it. State at least four contraindications or cautions in relation to the use of a Supraglottic Airway Device (SAD) for airway management.

Q. For the management of each of these patients, state the medical gas to use, the method of administration or dosage, and caution(s) and contraindications for the use of the medical gas you have stated (where applicable):

  • Patient 1: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oxygen saturations of 72%, breathing difficulty
  • Patient 2: Pregnant woman, experiencing regular contractions, pain score of 8
  • Patient 3: Football injury, pain score of 10
  • Patient 4: Cardiac arrest, oxygen saturations of 52%
  • Patient 5: Traumatised patient, bleeding heavily, oxygen saturations of 95%

Find attempted solutions to these questions here.

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